RAID Recovery - Flash memory
NOR Flash
Data in a flash memory device is stored in a transistor called a floating gate, which can be accessed through a control gate. In its default state, a flash cell is logically equivalent to the binary value ‘1’ allowing current to flow through the channel under a particular voltage to [...]
RAID Recovery - Forward Error Correction
The process
In case both characters do not conform to the protocol being used, they are rejected altogether. This result will be displayed as a blank space or an underscore.
FEC protocols impose a greater bandwidth overhead than backward error correction protocols, but they are still preferred in certain transmissions as they [...]
RAID Recovery - Database normalization
Normal Forms
Thus the second normal form again focuses on removing duplicate data. Apart from the guidelines included in the first form, it also removes subsets of data that apply to multiple rows of a table, rearranges them in separate tables and creates relationships between the new tables thus formed. The third [...]
RAID Recovery - CLARiiON
CX Series
They support RAID 1/0, 0, 1, 3, 5, and 6. CX models are available in two configurations: Fibre Channel with transfer speeds up to 2Gbps and iSCSI with transfer speeds up to 1Gbps. However, CX700 is FC only.
CLARiiON’s third generation of products, named CX3 UltraScale, was developed in 2006. They consist [...]
RAID Recovery - Disk Array controller
Interfaces
Disk array controller provides both front-end and back-end interfaces. The front-end interface communicates with a systems host bus adapter. It uses any of the popular protocols such as ATA, SATA, SCSI, FC to emulate a disk for a computer, or it may use less popular protocols such as FICON/ESCON, iSCSI, [...]
RAID Recovery - Control Data Corporation
Important Milestones
Cray and team then introduced CDC 8600 with a new operating system. The design had four processors in a single, smaller case. However, its conventional design did not conform to the compact circuit board. As a result, cooling and servicing the CPU became almost impossible, and the machine failed [...]
RAID Recovery - Disk storage
Read/Write Process
Latency is the waiting time for the sector to come round to the head. Time required to actually transfer the data is called the block transfer time. Seek time and latency can be variable depending on the position of the block with respect to the current position of heads. By [...]
RAID Recovery - Power supply
Switched-mode supplies
Additional safety features such as crowbar circuits are also included as per the requirements of the situation.
Switched mode power supplies have limit on their minimum current output. They are able to output only above certain wattage. Also, power factor is another major concern regarding switched mode power supplies. Switched mode [...]
RAID Recovery - XENIX
Innovations
XENIX version 2.0 was based on UNIX System V. Released in 1985, XENIX 2.0 included support for Intel 80286 processors. Subsequent enhancements improved System V compatibility. In 1986, SCO ported XENIX to the 32-bit 386 processor. A later version, XENIX 2.3.1 provided support for i386, SCSI and TCP/IP. The company also released [...]
RAID Recovery - ESCON
Use
In IBM mainframes, the local connection between hardware units is known as channel connection. ESCON was used to establish and reconfigure channel connections without having to take equipments offline or manually moving cables. ESCON supports channel connections using serial transmission over a pair of fibers. The fiber optic cabling of ESCON can [...]
